jueves, 7 de noviembre de 2013

''Stelling van Amsterdam" (Defence line) / La línea de defensa de Ámsterdam

526452-Fort Pampus
Fort Pampus in Pampus Island (left) and Fort bij de Liebrug, Haarlemmerliede (right)

Believe it or not, Amsterdam is surrounded by a 135 km long ring of fortifications located 15 to 20 kilometers around the center of the city. It was constructed by the Ministry of War mostly between 1881 and 1914 and it was conceived as a waterline, which is a series of defensive fortifications separated by inundation areas. The intention was to flood these areas with approximately 40 cm height of water which would make it impossible for both ships and infantry to go through. However, the invention of airplanes and tanks made the forts obsolete almost as soon as they were finished so the waterline was never used for its original purpose.

Due to its value for humankind, the waterline was inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1996 and many of the forts have turned into museums which can be visited. Some others are used for hosting charitable foundations, art studios, different hobby clubs and even restaurants. In fact, I rehearse with a choir in one of these forts: Fort bij de Liebrug, in Haarlemmerliede and I live very close to the Fort of Hoofddorp.

As you can see in the satellite map below, Hoofddorp is split into two by a large dike known as the Geniedijk (Engineers' dike). If you want to see how all fortresses are connected, follow the dike in the map to the north-west and you will find the fort of Vijfhuizen. If you go to south-east, you will see the fort of Alsmeer. It is impressive, right?


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